Newcastle University > NICRE > Our Blog > Blog items > Rural creative enterprises - Levelling Up

Research into rural creative microclusters

As the government attempts to ‘Level up’ the UK by addressing regional inequalities, one obvious question is which sectors have the growth potential to drive growth of rural areas?, writes Jorge Velez Ospina, Josh Siepel, Inge Hill and Frances Rowe.

The creative industries might not be an obvious sector for driving the growth of rural areas but they have the potential to play a major role in the development of rural areas. As our new research, funded by the National Innovation Centre for Rural Enterprise (NICRE) and the Creative Industries Policy and Evidence Centre (PEC), shows, creative enterprises have an important role to play in Levelling Up. Here are two important insights regarding the nature of this small business type from our report Mapping and examining the determinants of England's rural creative microclusters:

Creative industries flourish across the UK

While creative industries are often associated with London and large urban areas, PEC research has shown that creative industries flourish across the country. The PEC Creative Radar report identified 709 creative ‘microclusters’ across the UK, from less well known creative hotspots in Colwyn Bay in North Wales to Buxton in England. Moreover, companies in these clusters – particularly those outside the large urban areas – were more likely to have grown and to show a desire to grow as well.   

Creative businesses do cluster in rural areas

Creative clusters are not an exclusively urban phenomenon - linked to the microclusters previously identified in the PEC research, we found that rural areas in England host about 90 creative microclusters (i.e., grouping of at least 50 businesses or organisations within a 1-5 km radius). We also found that one-third of rural creative businesses have activities within these 90 microclusters. A map of the microclusters we identified is available here. Moreover, we observed that the factors that drive creative clustering in rural areas are the same as those in urban areas.

How can creative businesses stimulate rural Levelling Up?

Rural creative businesses have huge potential to play a major role in helping to Level Up rural economies by transforming rural spaces and driving innovation.  What can policymakers do to help these businesses meet their potential?

• Strengthen rural business networks and collaboration: Companies in microclusters outside urban areas are more likely to generate business locally, and strong networks are particularly important in rural settings.  Creative hubs, for example, have a major role to play in supporting these businesses.
• Address barriers to growth: The PEC’s creative Radar survey also shows that rural creative firms inside microclusters are more likely to face difficulties with accessing external financing. But ‘throwing money at rural creative businesses’ isn’t necessarily a solution either – what is required is a a combination of financial support, along with business support to help businesses on all the steps of the growth journey.
• Support culture-led development: Culture can play a role in the development of creative clusters, and this is true in rural settings too. The presence of cultural facilities (such as museums, theatres, cinemas) is associated with higher levels of clustering, which suggests that a culture-led approaches to regeneration may help to build rural creative ecosystems.
• Invest in education: We find that creative clusters are associated with proximity to both universities and FE colleges, but in creative clusters, the benefits are present for areas further away than the institutions themselves. In a context where creative courses are increasingly being shut at universities in post-1992 institutions (many of which serve more rural areas), investing in FE and university education in rural areas can help creative clusters to reach their potential.
• Support the rural economy: Quality infrastructure such as broadband, roads and facilities are important for all sectors. Rural creative businesses are more likely to report infrastructure as a problem than their urban counterparts, but investments in infrastructure are likely to help all businesses, not just creative ones

As Levelling Up England’s rural areas is a long-term and systemic challenge, building vibrant creative industries clusters in rural areas will not happen overnight.  But the potential of a creativity-led renaissance for rural areas is not a pipe dream.  The challenge will be - for the rhetoric around Levelling Up - to translate our research insights into real, meaningful investment helping rural areas to achieve their potential.